Other Modernisms in European Housing in Reinforced Concrete (1920-1940)
Tomme: LVII (LXI) Fascicle: 1 | 2011
Pages: 161-192
Abstract text:
New technologies brought by industrial development were a central part of the global movement which was Modernism. One of the nuclei of the movement was built by the housing programme, particularly suitable to foster innovation. While in more industrialized countries ways to solve social problems were sought for, in some European countries the new possibilities were seen as an opportunity to give a more prosperous image to cities, by raising density with blocks of flats for the middle class. These blocks of flats were built with a reinforced concrete structure, which allowed for flexibility in the distribution of spaces inside the flat. In this paper the context given by the CIAM to the development of such blocks of flats, a new living form in the Modernism is first explained. The paper moves forward with the analysis of division into zone schemes and with the description on the use of reinforced concrete. More case studies are considered: Greece, where the CIAM was proclaimed, Romania, where a Master Plan is the spirit of the CIAM was made first, Portugal and Italy, where another Modernism was represented by the Novecento movement. The study is useful in order to model interwar multifamily housing buildings, for restoration studies.
Key Words:
reinforced concrete, Romania, Greece, Portugal, Italy, housing.
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